Functional Safety, Fire Protection And Radiation Protection

Functional Safety Student: Ken Kaufmann S14004464 Lecturer/Tutor: Fatima Mansour Table of contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Standard definitions 1 2.1 IEC 61508 1 2.2 IEC 61511 1 3 Case study 2 4 Conclusion 2 5 List of references 2 6 List of Figures 3 1 Introduction The increasingly extensive automation of complex system, presents completely new challenges to the development of technical solutions. The complexity of systems, whose malfunctions cause’s significant damages, are able to cause of most errors. In work areas such as aerospace or in power stations, there has always been ahead of awareness. There are international standard and guidelines available, which defines the requirements for safety-related equipment in different depths and classifications. 2 Functional Safety Functional safety refers to the part of the security of a system, which depends on the correct function of the safety related system and other risk mitigation techniques. Functional safety does not include electrical safety, fire protection and radiation protection. Systems which are consisting out of electrical and electronic components are used since many years to perform safety functions within the most application areas. Programmable electronic systems or also called computer based systems, are used in every application area, to perform non-safety functions and recently safety functions. [1] Within every industry sector, functional safety is applicable as concept. For SafetyShow MoreRelatedSmoke Alarms1556 Words   |  7 PagesEach year most people are in disbelief and doubt that something as critical as a fire could happen to them, this skepticism has led to more deaths and property damage than should have occurred. In the current generation smoke alarms are mandatory and advancements to the technology have been occurring rapidly. 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Buad 310 Case Analysis Instruction - 1395 Words

BUAD 310 Spring 2013 Case Due by 4PM on Friday, May 3rd (in BRI 400C) In this case you will apply statistical techniques learned in the Regression part of BUAD 310. Please read the following instructions carefully before you start: †¢ This assignment uses data from the file MagAds13S.XLS, which you can download from Blackboard. After you download the file go to Data → Load data → from file in StatCrunch to open it (you don’t need to change any of the options when loading this data.) †¢ The entire report should be typed and clearly presented without typos and grammatical errors. Copy and paste the relevant (explained further in more detail) regression output into your document. Do not attach any graphs.†¦show more content†¦b. Evaluate the regression assumptions by assessing the residual plot. c. Examine each of the explanatory variables individually to determine which are contributing significantly to the model. (Use the significance level of 5 %. Do NOT actually eliminate any variables from the regression at this stage.) d. Using the same model with all the variables, provide an appropriate 95%-level interval to the retail clothing company for the amount that they would pay for a full-page ad in a magazine with a projected audience of 2,000,000 readers, 55 percent of which are male, with a median income of $30,000. Explain in one sentence and in simple terms what this interval means. 3. Rerun the regression in part 2 with circ replaced by LN_circ (the natural logarithm of the variable circ), keeping all the other variables the same. Include the relevant regression output (only the coefficient and ANOVA tables). [Stat ( Regression ( Multiple Linear, then fill in the proper Response and Predictor variables, then click Next twice and under Save options select Residuals and Predicted values. Produce a residual plot the same way as in question 2]. a. How does this model compare to the previous model using R-squared? Explain what this difference in the R-squared values means in simple terms. b. Evaluate the regression assumptions by assessing the residual

Management Information System at Dell Free Essays

Management information system involves the information system and the organization. MIS begins where computer science ends. Computer scientists deserve accolades for developing and delivering even more advanced forms of information technology: hardware technology; software technology; and network technology. We will write a custom essay sample on Management Information System at Dell or any similar topic only for you Order Now Yet because no technology implements itself, there is more to MIS than just information technology. MIS has dimensions. The four interrelated dimensions of MIS are as follows: First, MIS involves not just information technology, but also its instantiation; second, MIS involves, as reactive and inextricable elements, both an information system and its organizational context; third, MIS involves information technology as a form of intellectual technology; and fourth, MIS involves the activities of a profession or corporate function which are integral to the essence of what MIS is (Currie Galliers, 1999). Dell Computer Corporation: Company Background Dell Computer Corporation is a major manufacturer of personal computers, computer peripherals, and software. Among the leading producers of computers in the world, Dell sells its products directly to customers through the Internet and mail-order catalogs rather than through retail outlets. The company is based in Round Rock, Texas. At Dell Computers, customers are brought into the product planning and manufacturing processes, with all employees encouraged having contact with customers. Through effective collaboration across boundaries, ideas can be shared about product designs and value propositions. The result is faster and more customer-focused product and service innovation. To produce the capacity for this, considerable attention must be placed on organizational structures, processes, skills and culture. Such elements may need a radical overhaul in established companies (Dennis Harris, 2002). Dell was founded in 1984 by Michael Dell. In 1983, during his freshman year at the University of Texas, he bought excess nventory of RAM chips and disk drives for IBM personal computers from local dealers. He resold the components through newspaper advertisements at prices far below retail cost. By 1984, his sales totaled about $80,000 a month. In April 1984, Dell dropped out of school to launch his company (Ford, Honeycutt, Simintiras, 2003). The new company soon began manufacturing its own IBM-compatible computers under the name PCs Limited. Because Dell sold computers directly to users through advertisements in magazines and catalogs, the company could price its machines lower than those sold through retail stores. Sales reached nearly $6 million during the company’s first year, climbing to $34 million the following year. By 1987, Dell was the leading mail-order computer company in the United States. In that year, it created a sales force to target large corporations and began adding international offices to capture the direct-mail market outside the United States (Ford, Honeycutt, Simintiras, 2003). While the company continued to grow rapidly; Dell experienced a series of setbacks that hurt profits. In 1990, the company began selling computers through retail stores, an effort it abandoned in 1994. In 1991, Dell launched a line of notebook computers, but quality problems and inadequate production planning forced the company to stop selling for a year. In 1994, Dell launched a new line of notebook computers and expanded efforts to increase overseas sales. Dell also began focusing on the market for servers, which used the computers to run local area networks. By the late 1990s, Dell was firmly in place as the world’s number one direct seller of computers. More than 50 percent of the company’s computer sales transactions took place via its website, which generated worldwide sales in excess of $40 million a day (Ford, Honeycutt, Simintiras, 2003). Information Processing Tools Information processing or Data processing is the analysis and organization of data. It is used extensively in business, engineering, and science and an increasing extent in nearly all areas in which computers are used. Businesses use data processing for such tasks as payroll preparation, accounting, record keeping, inventory control, sales analysis, and the processing of bank and credit card account statements. Engineers and scientists use data processing for a wide variety of applications, including the processing of seismic data for oil and mineral exploration, the analysis of new product designs, the processing of satellite imagery, and the analysis of data from scientific experiments (Thierauf, 1978). Data processing is used extensively in business, engineering, and science and to an increasing extent in nearly all areas in which computers are used. Data processing is divided into two kinds of processing: database processing and transaction processing. A database is a collection of common records that can be searched, accessed, and modified, such as bank account records, school transcripts, and income tax data. In database processing, a computerized database is used as the central source of reference data for the computations. Transaction processing refers to interaction between two computers in which one computer initiates a transaction and another computer provides the first with the data or computation required for that function. Most modern data processing uses one or more databases at one or more central sites (Thierauf, 1978). Transaction processing is used to access and update the databases when users need to immediately view or add information; other data processing programs are used at regular intervals to provide summary reports of activity and database status. Examples of systems that involve all of these functions are automated teller machines, credit sales terminals, and airline reservation systems (Thierauf, 1978). The information processing tools that Dell uses include computers, the internet, maps, spreadsheets, models, and databases. For the operational level of Dell, the most appropriate tool for information processing is maps. Through the said information processing tool, decisions on how to operate the organization can be initialized and made. Maps can be used to determine which country/place information will be acquired from, it can also assist in determining the demographic level of people and information will be gathered. Maps can be in the form of charts that can also provide necessary information. The information gathered in turn can assist in helping to decide how an organization will be operated. For the tactical level of Dell, the most appropriate tool for information processing is databases. Through the said information processing tool, the records that can assist in finding out the strength and weakness of the company can be used to determine the tactic that will be used by the organization. For the strategic level of Dell, the most appropriate information processing tool is the internet or World Wide Web. Through the internet, trends and strategies by other companies can be known. After analyzing the trends and strategies used by other companies, an appropriate strategy can be formulated to use by the organization. Inventory control systems Individual businesses need, first and foremost, an efficient inventory control system. This implies the minimum amount of inventory that will provide the consumers with what they need whenever and wherever they need it. Effectiveness of the inventory system means basically having an inventory mix that is most likely successful in satisfying consumer needs (Samli Sirgy, 1995). The inventory control systems used by Dell is up to date and reliable to prevent problems to arise. The inventory system of Dell makes sure that anything the consumer need will be available to them at any given time. It is also what the company uses to know if certain products are still available or misuse of the inventory system may cost problems to the company. Conclusion Management information system involves the information system and the organization. Dell benefits a lot from the management information system. The system helps the company create strategies that will help the company conquer any problems and threats from competitors. The system also assists the company in processing the needed information. Management Information Systems also helps a company to create or update its inventory control system. Recommendations Since the MIS of a company is a vital part of its operations and its survival in the modern world, it must be well updated and it must compete well with MIS’s competitors. The MIS of a company should be created from high standards so that it can be of stiff competition against its counterparts. The MIS system should help the company to achieve its goals and assist the company in reaching its potential How to cite Management Information System at Dell, Papers

Cyber Warfare free essay sample

Cyber-war, the use of computers and the internet in conducting warfare in cyberspace, has been introduced as both an effective offense and defense towards modern warfare. Presently many countries have developed a policy towards cyber- warfare. The US, although a strong influence to the world, has yet to step up and create an effective policy towards warfare. One that should state what the military would do to respond to a cyber-attack, what defines a cyber-attack and what the government will do to take effective measures against a catastrophic attack. Along with that, what advantages does this new type of warfare have against modern arfare and is it worth the massive amounts of training and investments. Also, in what circumstances should a cyber-attack be used? The US should come forth with an efficient policy discussing the matter directly and including its future uses of cyber-intelligence. Presently, cyber-attacks are uncommon; however they still pose a risk in the future of war and security of a nation. We will write a custom essay sample on Cyber Warfare or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Every country should take measures in ensuring they will be ready for an attack. Because of this extraordinary hazard, the US should make considerable ventures in organizing methods to secure itself and its ation against it. Three cyber security experts say, US policies toward defending against cyber-warfare need to take a different approach than the government has against other forms of attack. It would be difficult for the US to have a fight in cyber- warfare as it is difficult to identify attackers, especially when some nations appear to be sponsoring private attackers. If the US were to follow other nations with using private assailants, other nations could possibly see this as unethical and even malicious. As a nation, the US is presented as the country some look up to. Its image as to stay clean, or it could cause uproar with other nations. One problem that not only the US but other countries face is that there is no strict definition of a cyber- attack. Martin Libicki, a senior management scientist specializing in cyber-security said, One problem with a cyber-warfare policy is the lack of definition of what constitutes an act of cyber war, theres no line separating what constitutes a simple cyber-attack from cyber-war. He also added, with no definitions in place, its hard to have a public debate about what the US governments cyber warfare policy should e. The US, among other nations in the I-IN, should come together and discuss the issues faced with defining a cyber-attack and what would be an acceptable response towards an attack. Article 51 of the UN charter states that a country has the right to engage in self-defense when it suffers an armed attack, made effective in 1945, it di d not create clear classifications to cyber-attacks. Not doing anything about the dilemma has its consequences. In December 2008, there was a cyber-attack on a U. S. military classified computer network. The attack led the Pentagon to ban the use of xternal hardware devices because that was the source of the breach. Although it is not publicly known if this attack was state sponsored, media reports attributed the attack to either the government of China or Russia. Regardless of who perpetrated the attack, there was little that the U. S. could do to respond. Had the US had the knowledge to investigate the attack further, it could have traced the attack and find the perpetrator. to mobilize the international community, as it is possible that an extreme cyber- attack could be more devastating than a traditional one. An attack like that could shutdown the targets government and ruin its economy. As a result of the interdependence of the world economy, the cascading affect would be felt worldwide. Warfare must be viewed in a new way because the old definitions and framework are impermissibly limited. First, we must derive a definition to determine when a cyber-attack is an act of war. Second, we need a broad definition of whom (including individuals, nations and groups) can be held accountable for such acts. With masses at stake, it would be illogical to disregard this issue and not invest in a igher intelligence. Modern warfare, strongly associated with guns, bombs and tanks, causes many deaths and large amounts of money put forth to succeed. Cyber-warfare can easily become the next modern warfare, causing less deaths and violence. Even though the effects of an attack could be more catastrophic than what we are currently experiencing today, the reverse effects even it out. Using this cyber-intelligence could prevent many attacks from happening, both traditional and cyber. All we need is a stronger devotion towards the subject and more focus towards a greater peace amongst the world.